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文章发布时间:2024-03-08 10:03:53文章来源:考而思在线阅读量:2871
英国留学生在读文献和写论文的时候,可能会碰到一些缩写,用英文很难理解,同时也很容易被混淆的拉丁语缩写。今天英国留学生论文辅导老师给大家汇总下论文写作中常用拉丁文及缩写。
缩写1:A.D.
拉丁文:anno Domini
释义:in the year of the Lord耶稣纪年,公元
例句:The United States Civil War began in AD 1861.
缩写2:a.m.
拉丁文:Ante Meridiem
释义:before middday上午,午前
例句:We will meet the mayor at 10 a.m.
缩写3:c.,ca.
拉丁文:circa
释义:around,about,approximately大约
用法:用于日期中表示大概的数。
例句:The antique clock is from c.1900.
缩写4:Cap
拉丁文:capitulus
释义:chapter章节
用法:用于英国及其前殖民地的法律章节前。
例句:Electronic Transactions Ordinance(Cap.553).
缩写5:cf.
拉丁文:confer
释义:"bring together"and hence"compare"试比较
用法:提示读者比较所引用资料中的说法与文中的论述,与cp.可替换使用。
例句:These results were similar to those obtained using different techniques(cf.Wilson,1999 and Ansmann,1992).
缩写6:cp.
释义:compare比较
例句:These results were similar to those obtained using different techniques(cp.Wilson,1999 and Ansmann,1992).
缩写7:C.V.
拉丁文:curriculum vitae
释义:course of life简历
缩写8:etc.
拉丁文:et cetera
释义:and the others,and other things,and the rest等等
例句:I need to go to the store and buy some pie,milk,cheese,etc.
缩写9:e.g.
拉丁文:exempli gratia
释义:for example,for instance比如
例句:The shipping company instituted a surcharge on any items weighing over a ton;e.g.,a car or truck.
缩写10:ff.
拉丁文:folio
释义:and following以及接下去的
例句:see page 258ff.(参见第258页以及接下去的若干页)
缩写11:id.
拉丁文:idem
释义:the same(man)同上
用法:用来避免(在引用、脚注、书目等处)重复某个男性作者的名字。如果是女性作者,用ead.(eadem)。
缩写12:i.a.
拉丁文:inter alia
释义:among other things除了别的因素以外,特别
例句:Ernest Hemingway—author(i.a.'The Sun Also Rises')and friend.
缩写13:i.e.
拉丁文:id est
释义:that is,in other words即是
例句:For reasons not fully understood there is only a minor PSI contribution to the variable fluorescence emission of chloroplasts(Dau,1994),i.e.,the PSI fluorescence appears to be independent from the state of its reaction centre(Butler,1978).
缩写14:lb.
拉丁文:libra
释义:scales磅
缩写15:LL.B.
拉丁文:Legum Baccalaureus
释义:bachelor of laws法学士
缩写16:M.A.
拉丁文:Magister Artium
释义:Master of Arts文科硕士
缩写17:N.B.
拉丁文:nota bene
释义:note well注意,留心
例句:N.B.:All the measurements have an accuracy of withi 5%as they were calibrated according to the procedure described by Jackson(1989).
缩写18:oc.
拉丁文:opere citato
释义:the work cited在前面所引用的书中
用法:通常用于参考文献中,同ibid相似,但是ibid通常会跟着页码。
缩写19:p.a.
拉丁文:per annum
释义:through a year每年
缩写20:per cent(通常写作percent)
拉丁文:per centum
释义:for each one hundred百分之一
缩写21:PH.D.
拉丁文:Philosphiae Doctor
释义:Teacher of Philosophy哲学博士
缩写22:P.M.
拉丁文:Post Meridiem
释义:after midday下午,午后
例句:We will meet the mayor at 2 P.M.
缩写23:p.p.
拉丁文:per procurationem
释义:through the agency of经由代理人
缩写24:PRN
拉丁文:pro re nata
释义:as needed当需要时
用法:处方用语
缩写25:pro tem
拉丁文:pro tempore
释义:for the time being,temporarily暂时
缩写26:P.S.
拉丁文:post scriptum
释义:after what has been written附言
例句:(信结尾处)
Sincerely,
John Smith.
P.S.Tell mother I say hello!
缩写27:Q.D.
拉丁文:quaque die
释义:every day每天
例句:处方用语
缩写28:Q.E.D.
拉丁文:quod erat demonstrandum
释义:which was to be demonstrated证明完毕
例句:At the end of the long proof,the professor exclaimed"Alas,Q.E.D!"
缩写29:q.v.
拉丁文:quod videre
释义:which to see参见
用法:当某个术语或短语可在当前的文档或书籍里查找时,将q.v.加在其后。复数形式为"qq.v."。
缩写30:Re
拉丁文:in re
释义:in the matter of,concerning关于
用法:通常作为传统书信及备忘录标题的前缀。但在电子邮件中使用时,它更像是"reply"(回复)的缩写。
缩写31:REG
拉丁文:regina
释义:queen女王
用法:女王在位期间,英国硬币上印有REG。当执政君主是king时,用Rex。
缩写32:R.I.P.
拉丁文:requiescat in pace
释义:may he/she rest in peace愿他(或她)安息吧
例句:R.I.P good grandmother.
缩写33:s.o.s.
拉丁文:si opus sit
释义:if there is need,if occasion require,if necessary如有必要
缩写34:stat.
拉丁文:statim
释义:immediately马上,立即
例句:That patient needs attention,stat.!
缩写35:viz.
拉丁文:videlicet
释义:namely,precisely,that is to say即,就是
例句:The noble gases,viz.helium,neon,argon,xenon,krypton and radon,show a non-expected behaviour when exposed to this new element.
缩写36:vs
拉丁文:versus
释义:against以……为对手
例句:The next football game will be the Knights vs.the Sea Eagles.
以上就是关于英国留学生论文写作常用拉丁文及缩写汇总的分享,英文深受拉丁语的影响,我们仍然可以在现代的文章中发现许多拉丁语的措辞及缩写,也在日常对话中使用这些用语。
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